Microplastics in Stormwater

What Are Microplastics?

Microplastics are tiny plastic particles measuring less than 5 millimeters in size. They come from two main sources:

1. Primary microplastics – intentionally manufactured small plastics, such as microbeads in cosmetics or pellets used in manufacturing.
2. Secondary microplastics – formed when larger plastic products break down due to exposure to sunlight, water, and physical abrasion.

These microscopic fragments are now found in nearly every part of our environment, from the deepest oceans to the air we breathe.

Why Are They a Concern?

Microplastics accumulate in ecosystems, harming aquatic life, contaminating soil, and potentially entering the human body through water and food. They can infiltrate the bloodstream, organs, and even the placenta, raising concerns about human toxicity. Studies suggest that microplastics may cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and reproductive disruption, as they can carry harmful pollutants like heavy metals, pesticides, and persistent organic chemicals. Their long-term health effects are still being studied, but their presence in drinking water and seafood highlights an urgent need for action.

Stormwater: A Key Transporter of Microplastics

A study led by Dr. Meghana Parameswarappa Jayalakshmamma at the Center for Natural Resources (CNR), NJIT, published in Science of the Total Environment, investigated microplastics in stormwater runoff in Newark, New Jersey. Key findings include:

• Tire and road wear particles make up ~50% of microplastics in stormwater.
• Small microplastics (1–125 μm) dominate runoff samples, making filtration much more challenging.
• Land use impacts microplastic levels, with higher concentrations in commercial and highway areas.

Solutions for Microplastic Reduction

• Improved stormwater management and filtration technologies are crucial.
• Reducing plastic waste—such as using reusable materials and better tire designs—can minimize contributions.

Moving Forward

Understanding stormwater’s role in microplastic pollution is essential for mitigation strategies. Our research at CNR emphasizes the need for integrated solutions that address both plastic waste and urban water management.

 Read more about our study: DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166685

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