As soon as a work is "fixed" in a tangible medium of expression and it is sufficiently creative and original, it is automatically protected by copyright. Copyright registration is not required but there are benefits to formally registering your work.
That depends. Each publisher and publishing agreement outlines what kind of uses are permitted and what rights the author retains. You can check publisher rights and access policies at SHERPA/RoMEO, an online service that aggregates publisher access and self-archiving policies.
Some rights to think about keeping when publishing your work are the right to make derivative works, the right to include all or part of the work in a future thesis, dissertation, or other scholarly publication, or the right to archive or preserve the work as part of an institutional repository or your own website.
Consider using the SPARC Author Addendum as a legal instrument that modifies the publisher’s agreement and allows you to keep key rights to your articles.
That depends. Since the work is published and most likely some if not all of your copyrights are now contractually granted to the publisher, it is likely that you would require permission. It might also be the case that you would need to ask permission of your co-authors since collaborating on a single work creates a joint work, collective work, or compilation.
A work made for hire is any work created during or within the scope of a person’s employment. A work for hire can also be a work specially ordered or commissioned for use by the employer. To learn more, see NJIT’s policy on copyright.
That depends. If you are using photos, text excerpts, scientific drawings or diagrams, etc. you may need the author’s permission to include them if fair use exceptions don’t apply. You may also need permission if you are including archival materials for which you accepted certain terms of use.
All expenses must help achieve the objectives of the program. Depending upon the type of expenses, prior written approval from the sponsor may be necessary before the purchase is completed.
Depending on how you are depositing or publishing your thesis or dissertation, you may also be asked to secure permission for the use of copyrighted materials prior to publication. For more information on thinking through the process, see the library’s guide on Copyright and Your Thesis or Dissertation.
