Disclosure
NJIT faculty, staff, or students should disclose an invention to the IPTLO if they believe their research could be commercialized for public use and benefit. University inventions are typically in the very early stages of development and still require time and effort to reach the market. Intellectual property protection, together with tech transfer, often provides the necessary incentive for a company to pursue such a project.
NJIT’s patent policy requires that potentially patentable inventions be disclosed on a timely basis to the University. The IPTLO will assess whether to begin the legal protection process and work to identify outside development partners. If government funds were used for your research, you are required to file a prompt invention disclosure, which will be reported to the sponsoring agency. Similar requirements may exist for other sponsored projects.
You should complete an invention disclosure whenever you feel you have discovered something unique with possible commercial value. This should be done well before presenting the discovery through publications, speeches, poster sessions, conferences, or other communications. Once the invention is publicly disclosed, potential patent rights are limited.
Be sure to inform the IPTLO of any imminent or prior presentation, lecture, poster, abstract, website description, video presentation, research proposal, dissertation/master’s thesis, publication, or other public presentation of the invention. Please note that a thesis is considered a publication even if it is embargoed.
There are significant differences between the U.S. and other countries as to how early publication affects a potential patent. Once publicly disclosed (published or presented in some form), an invention may have a restricted or minimal potential for patent protection outside of the United States.
Anything that is readily available to the public (a journal paper, a conference presentation, an online publication, even a dissertation indexed at the library) that describes the basic ideas in enough detail that someone else would be able to make and use the invention; i.e., those ideas that are new.
Showing or telling these ideas may also constitute disclosure, as does selling or offering for sale a prototype of the invention.
IP Ownership
Ownership depends upon the employment status of the creators of the invention and their use of University resources. Considerations include:
- What was the creator's employment status at the time the intellectual property was made?
- Were NJIT resources used in creating the intellectual property?
- What are the terms of any agreement related to the creation of the intellectual property?
As a general rule, NJIT owns inventions conceived or reduced to practice in whole or in part by members of the faculty or staff (including student employees) of the University in the course of their University responsibilities or with more than incidental use of University resources.
The University’s copyright policy describes the applicable rules for copyrightable works. In some cases, the terms of a sponsored research agreement or materials transfer agreement may impact ownership. When in doubt, please contact the IPTLO for advice.
Generally, the invention will be jointly owned between NJIT and the other institution or company. Each inventor will assign his or her rights to their employer. The IPTLO will work with the other institution to decide on management of the invention.
Usually, if the other institution is a university or research institution, we will make an inter-institutional agreement that provides for one of the institutions to take the lead in protecting and licensing the invention, sharing of expenses associated with the patenting process, and allocating any licensing revenues.
Patents and Licensing
It typically costs $25,000 to $35,000 to file and prosecute a U.S. patent application. The costs could be significantly more than $35,000 depending on the office actions and other requirements. This includes patent attorney costs and the filing fees paid to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
If the technology is unlicensed, NJIT pays the patent costs. These expenses are reimbursed by the licensee or deducted from royalties received. Filing and obtaining issued patents in other countries is a very expensive undertaking. Usually, once a patent is issued in the U.S or in foreign countries, certain substantial maintenance fees or annuities are required to keep the patent alive.
A provisional patent application allows NJIT to begin securing patent rights while a non-provisional patent application is the first step toward a legally recognized patent. A provisional patent application is meant to help protect your idea and give you time to perfect it. Once you have the design and function ready, you can apply for the non-provisional patent application.
Your active involvement can dramatically improve the chances of matching an invention to an outside company. Your research and consulting relationships are often helpful in both identifying potential licensees and technology champions within companies.
Once interested companies are identified, the inventor is the best person to describe the details of the invention and its technical advantages. The most successful technology transfer results are obtained when the inventor and the licensing professional work together as a team to market and promote use of the technology.
As soon as a work is "fixed" in a tangible medium of expression and it is sufficiently creative and original, it is automatically protected by copyright. Copyright registration is not required but there are benefits to formally registering your work.
Copyright registration can be done through the U.S. Copyright Office.
Consider using the SPARC Author Addendum as a legal instrument that modifies the publisher’s agreement and allows you to keep key rights to your articles.
I’m completing my thesis/dissertation. Do I need permission to use copyrighted material in my paper?
That depends. If you are using photos, text excerpts, scientific drawings or diagrams, etc. you may need the author’s permission to include them if fair use exceptions don’t apply. You may also need permission if you are including archival materials for which you accepted certain terms of use.
All expenses must help achieve the objectives of the program. Depending upon the type of expenses, prior written approval from the sponsor may be necessary before the purchase is completed.
Depending on how you are depositing or publishing your thesis or dissertation, you may also be asked to secure permission for the use of copyrighted materials prior to publication. For more information on thinking through the process, see the library’s guide on Copyright and Your Thesis or Dissertation.
- Whether the invention was created by a student in a capacity as an NJIT employee
- Whether the invention was created using NJIT resources
- Whether the invention was created under a contract or grant to NJIT
If you have questions about interpretations of student ownership, please contact IPTLO for advice. If you believe you may have an invention, whether you believe it is NJIT owned or that you own it personally, please contact IPTLO for guidance on the possibility, means and stages of development and commercialization.
Most works created prior to 1923 are in the public domain. For more detail about copyright terms in the United States see the Cornell University Library guide. Works published outside of the United States will be covered by that country’s copyright laws.
These programs provide opportunities for students to learn necessary and important research skills and to innovate in order to take a leadership role in society.
Undergraduate Research Programs
Undergraduate Research and Innovation (URI) programs give students a chance to flourish in various ways. Students learn how to do research, but also how to pick projects that will improve a societal problem and enhance the quality of life for a community of people. These programs are designed to help students develop the vision to contend with global challenges. More information on the URI website.
Graduate Research Programs
Doctoral and Master’s graduate students are an integral part of NJIT research enterprise. Graduate students work at faculty research laboratories and centers through 19 doctoral and 56 Master’s degree programs. NJIT faculty grants and contracts directly fund graduate students providing outstanding opportunities for basic, applied and translational research and technology development.
Students may contact Principal Investigators and Directors of research centers and laboratories for exploring the availability of research opportunities in specific areas. Please see Centers and Laboratories website for additional information on research opportunities.
Center for Pre-College Programs
For more information about NJIT's extracurricular STEM programs for students in grades 4 -12, please visit our Center for Pre-College Programs.
Meet Some of Our Students
Our students work in the best labs with the highest-quality equipment and technology infrastructure.
Learn More
I’m working on microfluidic biosensors for cancer detection. We hope this technology will replace invasive biopsies.
Mehnaz Mursalat
Class of 2020
I am gaining an excellent research experience at NJIT that is preparing me for my goal, which is to be a general surgeon.
Tinghan Zhao
The Intellectual Property and Technology Licensing Office (IPTLO) evaluates, markets, and licenses the inventions owned by NJIT. We encourage effective technology transfer for the public benefit as well as generating royalty income for NJIT to benefit research and education.
We have many exciting new inventions, and we invite you to review our database of available world-class technologies. We are available for business!
Should you have any questions please contact:
Ike Nwabufo
Director for Technology Transfer & Intellectual Property Management
973-642-4301; in49@njit.edu
The IPTLO manages the intellectual property assets developed at NJIT. We foster and promote the transfer of knowledge and discoveries by evaluating, protecting, and licensing NJIT technology.
We are here to help and offer complete guidance in matters of NJIT intellectual property assets to inventors, industry, and other interested parties. Please feel free to contact IPTLO for any questions.
Important Links
- Strategic Partnership for Technology Commercialization
- Submit Your Invention Disclosure
- NJIT Patent & Copyright Policy
- Copyright Considerations in Shifting your Courses from In-person to Online
- Intellectual Property Presentation
- U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
- Submit Your License Inquiry
- Frequently Asked Questions
Such initiatives can be of significant mutual benefits to NJIT, the employee, the commercial entity, the general public, and the State of New Jersey. However, involvement of an NJIT employee with a commercial enterprise may create the possibility for conflicts of interest that should be resolved through proper review at the institutional level on a case-by-case basis.
Process for Request for Approval of a Commercial Enterprise
NJIT employees who are seeking to license and commercialize NJIT patents and intellectual property must complete, sign, and submit the Request for Approval for Development of a Commercial Enterprise Form (“Request Form”) prior to the development of a commercial enterprise and/or start-up company. Please answer all questions accurately and completely. Faculty and staff are reminded that they must certify that they are fully up to date with all mandatory ethics disclosure forms and trainings. NOTE: The Request Form must be signed by your chair and dean before the ethics review begins.
Upon receipt of the completed Request Form, the Ethics Liaison Officer will review and advise the EDLA Committee with respect to ethics concerns and the ability to manage conflicts that may exist prior to the EDLA making its decision.
Contact Information:
Director, Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Management
Export Controls and Sanctions are federal laws that govern the export, shipment, transmission, transfer, or sharing from the U.S. to foreign countries, persons, or entities of technology, technical data, technical assistance, and items or materials. This can include some activities inside the United States, including on campus, that are considered “deemed exports”. The U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration, and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission each administers different export control regulations. Additionally, the U.S. Department of the Treasury restricts travel to, the provision of “goods and services”, and other financial transactions with, certain countries, individuals, and organizations under various Sanctions Regulations. This includes certain foreign universities and research institutes. Export Control laws prohibit the unlicensed export of certain commodities or information for national security and/or protection of trade reasons. The U.S. government imposes Export Controls and Sanctions to protect national security interests and promote foreign policy objectives. In addition, it also participates in various multilateral Export Control regimes dedicated to preventing the proliferation and destabilizing accumulations of weapons of mass destruction and related materials, along with the trafficking of conventional arms and related technologies. Export Controls and Sanctions Regulations apply to research and other activities regardless of the source of funding.
There are also new Bulk Sensitive Data Regulations implemented by Department of Justice effective April 8, 2025, pursuant to E.O. 14117 issued by President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. on February 28, 2024. This regulation operates in a similar manner to export controls and sanctions. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) also published guidance for researchers in September 2025 as it relates to “bulk sensitive personal health data” and work with “Foreign Countries of Concern” (FCOCs).
NJIT provides a teaching and research environment dedicated to the free exchange of ideas both within the NJIT community and externally through academic and professional presentations and publications. In some instances, Export Control, Sanctions, and Bulk Sensitive Data Regulations established by the U.S. government may impact the scope of research activities.
Many of the teaching and research activities at NJIT are excluded from the Export Control and Sanctions regulations as “fundamental research” (see 10 CFR §810.2(c)(2), 15 CFR §734.8(a), 22 CFR §120.11 (a)(8), and various sanctions regulatory provisions), provided that there is an intention to publish the research, including all underlying technical data, and there are no restrictions on publication or exclusions on who may participate. It is important to note though for Bulk Sensitive Data transfers, there is no “fundamental research” exclusion. If the activity is controlled and not considered fundamental research, an authorization from the cognizant federal agency will be required to permit any controlled activity. If the controlled activity is neither fundamental research nor covered under an applicable U.S. Government authorization, pursuing the activity may not be allowable.
Work in the following areas is considered high risk:
- Engineering
- Space sciences
- Computer Science
- Biomedical research with lasers and sensitive Personal Health Information (PHI)
- Research with encrypted software
- Research with controlled chemicals, biological agents, and toxins
- Research involving U.S. Government Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)
Examples of controlled goods, technology, and software (list is not all-inclusive):
- Toxicological agents
- Nuclear materials and technology
- Lasers and Sensors
- Night vision equipment
- Select agents (and other pathogens)
- Arms and ammunition
- Explosives Detection Equipment
- Chemical warfare precursors
- Semiconductors and microprocessors
- Telecommunications and encryption software
- Missile technology
- Navigation and avionics
- Marine vessels
- GPS technology
- Countermeasure technology for controlled goods
- Endangered Species
- Body armor and protective gear
- Fingerprint and identification retrieval
- Oscilloscopes
- Gas centrifuges
- Mass Spectrometers
- High strength materials
For the purpose of export controls, the following are considered exports:
- Transfer of controlled items or information to people or entities outside the U.S, whether through physical means (e.g. shipment or hand-carrying) or through electronic or digital transmission (e.g. email or uploading).
- Verbal, written, electronic, and/or visual disclosures of controlled information to foreign nationals inside the U.S. (referred to as a “deemed export”).
- Training or offering of services involving controlled equipment or information to foreign nationals.
- Transactions with, or providing services to, certain foreign countries or individuals who are on embargo lists.
There are different sets of regulations depending on the kind of export involved. These include the following:
- The Export Administration Regulations (EAR), administered by the Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry & Security (DOC/BIS) pursuant to the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (ECRA), regulates items that have a dual purpose, meaning both commercial and military applications (e.g nuclear materials, chemicals, microorganisms, toxins, electronics, computers, lasers). These regulations can be found at the Export Administration Regulation website. Civil and criminal investigations, along with civil enforcement are administered by the DOC/BIS Office of Export Enforcement (OEE). Criminal enforcement (prosecution) is enforced by U.S. Department of Justice, National Security Division’s Counterintelligence & Export Controls Section (DOJ/NSD/CES), in conjunction with an applicable U.S. Attorney’s Office.
- The International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), administered by the Department of the State pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (AECA), regulates munitions or defense articles and services (e.g. ammunition, ballistics, guidance and control equipment), listed on the U.S. Munitions List (22 CFR part 121). These are maintained by the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs’ Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (PM/DDTC). Civil enforcement and penalties are administered by PM/DDTC’s Office of Defense Trade Controls Compliance (PM/DTCC), while criminal investigations are conducted by Immigration & Customs Enforcement’s Homeland Security Investigations (ICE/HSI) at the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Criminal enforcement (prosecution) is conducted by U.S. Department of Justice, National Security Division’s Counterintelligence & Export Controls Section (DOJ/NSD/CES), in conjunction with an applicable U.S. Attorney’s Office.
- 10 CFR part 110- Import and Export of Nuclear Material and Assembly Equipment (Part 110), administered by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (AEA), regulates the import and export of Nuclear Material and Special Assembly Equipment (as defined by the AEA- see 10 CFR §110.8 and §110.9. These regulations can be found at: https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/cfr/part110/index. Civil enforcement and penalties are conducted by the NRC Office of Enforcement, while criminal investigations are conducted by the NRC Office of Investigations. Criminal enforcement (prosecution) is conducted by U.S. Department of Justice, National Security Division’s Counterintelligence & Export Controls Section (DOJ/NSD/CES), in conjunction with an applicable U.S. Attorney’s Office.
- 10 CFR Part 810- “Assistance to Foreign Atomic Energy Activities” (Part 810), administered by the Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (AEA), which regulates certain “software” and “technology” related to civil nuclear end-uses. These regulations can be found at: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/chapter-III/part-810?toc=1, and https://www.energy.gov/nnsa/10-cfr-part-810. Civil enforcement and penalties are managed by DOE/NNSA’s Office of Nonproliferation Policy (NA-244), and criminal investigations managed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Department of Energy’s Office of Inspector General (DOE-IG). Criminal enforcement (prosecution) is conducted by U.S. Department of Justice, National Security Division’s Counterintelligence & Export Controls Section (DOJ/NSD/CES), in conjunction with an applicable U.S. Attorney’s Office. Sanctions Regulations - there are various Sanctions Regulations that are implemented by the Department of State and the Department of the Treasury. They are administered by the Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) pursuant to applicable laws (most notably the International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977 (IEEPA), which provide regulations on trade sanctions, embargoes and travel restrictions in designated countries, includng the provision of “goods and services”. Please visit the Resources section of the OFAC website for additional guidance. Civil enforcement and penalties are administered by OFAC’s Enforcement Division, and criminal investigations are usually led by the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI). Criminal enforcement (prosecution) is conducted by U.S. Department of Justice, National Security Division’s Counterintelligence & Export Controls Section (DOJ/NSD/CES), in conjunction with an applicable U.S. Attorney’s Office.
- 28 CFR part 202 - “Access to U.S. Sensitive Personal Data and Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern or Covered Persons” (Part 202), published on January 8, 2025 (90 FR 1706) and effective as of April 8, 2025, is administered by the U.S. Department of Justice, National Security Division pursuant to E.O. 14117 “Preventing Access to Americans’ Bulk Sensitive Personal Data and United States Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern” (89 FR 15421) issued on February 28, 2024, by President Joseph R. Biden, Jr., under his executive authority delegated in the International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977 (IEEPA). This new regulation, which operates in a similar manner and scope to Export Control and Sanctions Regulations, covers specific Sensitive Personal Data and U.S. Government Sensitive Data (e.g. Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)) when work is performed with entities and foreign nationals from “Foreign Countries of Concern” (FCOCs). Civil enforcement and penalties are administered directly by DOJ/NSD’s Counterintelligence & Export Controls Section (CES), while criminal investigations are conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Criminal enforcement (prosecutions) are likewise conducted by DOJ/NSD/CES in
conjunction with applicable U.S. Attorney’s Offices.
NJIT researchers must contact the NJIT Office of Research if a research project involves any of the following:
- Shipping/exporting controlled materials, supplies, or samples to other countries.
- Sharing information disclosed under confidentiality agreements with foreign persons, including students, staff, and faculty, both on and off campus.
- Carrying controlled materials, samples, or GPS equipment in checked or carry-on luggage on foreign travel.
- Collaborating with a researcher or institution outside of the U.S., especially when that collaboration involves individuals or institutions from a sanctioned country or when sensitive information or equipment may be shared, both on and off campus.
- Traveling outside of the United States on university business with NJIT equipment or with high tech equipment, confidential, unpublished, or proprietary information or data.
- Traveling outside of the United States to a country/region with comprehensive sanctions. Currently, these include: Crimea Region of Ukraine, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, and Syria.
- Hosting foreign persons from sanctioned or embargoed countries or taking them to NJIT labs.
- Performing work under an RFP/Agreement/Contract that is marked "Export Controlled" or includes export control provisions.
- Exchanging unpublished research results or data with foreign persons located overseas or in the US by any means, including e-mail, file transfers, etc.
- Training a foreign person in the design, development, use, or testing of controlled equipment.
- Using third party export-controlled technology or information.
- Providing professional consulting services overseas, especially to embargoed or sanctioned countries.
- Being involved in a project/research related to military; space-related information; nuclear, chemical, and/or biological weaponry; missiles; unmanned vehicles; encryption technologies, or other items listed on the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) U.S. Munitions List.
- Transfer of bulk sensitive personal of USG data to institutions or foreign nationals from "Foreign Countries of Concern:, both off an on campus.
- You have reasons to believe a violation of export control, sanctions, or bulk sensitive data transfer laws or regulations has occurred, or is about to occur.
Finding a list of export-controlled items:
The lists of controlled items and technology are extensive. The lists are dependent on the regulatory framework that describe them, and a few of them are listed below:
| Regulation | List | Citation |
| Export Administration Regulations | Commerce Control List | 15 C.F.R. § 774 |
| International Traffic in Arms Regulations | U.S. Munitions List | 22 C.F.R. § 121 |
| Nuclear Regulatory Commission | Export and Import of Nuclear Equipment and Material | 10 C.F.R. § 110.8-9a |
| Assistance to Foreign Atomic Energy Activities | Special Nuclear Materials | 10 C.F.R. § 810 |
| Bulk Sensitive Data | Bulk Sensitive Data | 28 C.F.R. § 202 |
Other Export Controls Resources:
National Institute of Health(NIH) Financial Conflicts of Interests and Foreign Components
National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Protection
Executive Office of the President (OSTP) Letter to the Research Community
US Dept. of Energy Foreign Government Talent Recruitment Programs and International Science and Technology Engagement Policy
Under Secretary of Defense Letter for Universities
University Compliance Collaboration
Compliance with the export regulations is a shared responsibility and all individuals at NJIT are expected to strictly adhere to all requirements. The Office of Research reviews all export control matters in collaboration with the Office of General Counsel and other university offices as appropriate. Principal Investigators should notify the Office of Research of any changes in scope of a project that include the above identified considerations.
Export control inquiries can be directed to Robert Rasmussen, Director of Export Controls at robert.rasmussen@njit.edu, or Eric Hetherington, Associate Vice Provost, Sponsored Research Programs Administration, at erich@njit.edu.
Reminder:
Cloud-based videoconferencing systems such as BlueJeans are not Export Controls compliant!
NJIT researchers should not discuss or share export controlled data or technology (including screenshots, screenshares, recordings) using these videoconferencing systems. They do not have end-to-end encryption protections and users can be located all over the world.
IP Committee Members
Atam Dhawan, Ph.D.
Senior Vice Provost for Research
Sandy Curko, Esq.
VP for Legal Affairs and General Counsel
Sanjiv Chokshi, Esq.
Associate General Counsel
Shawn A. Chester, Ph.D.
Associate Vice Provost for Research Collaboration and Partnerships
Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering
Eric D. Hetherington, Ph.D.
Associate Vice Provost, Sponsored Research Administration
Michael Van Ter Sluis
Assistant Vice President, Strategic Partnerships & Entrepreneurship, NJII
Ike Nwabufo, MBA, LLM
Director of Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Management
Representative
NJIT Finance Department
Arjun Venkatesan, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering
Cesar Bandera, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Entrepreneurship, MTSOM
Chang Yaramothu, Ph.D.
Non-voting PSA Representative
Assistant Professor, School of Applied Engr & Tech
Lin Dong, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Farnaz Shakib, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Chemistry and Environmental Science
Hyojin Kim, Ph.D.
Associate Dean for Research and Associate Professor, Architecture, CoAD
Jing Li, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Computer Science, Ying Wu College of Computing
Zhifeng Kou, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Biomedical Engineering
Executive Committee on Enterprise Development and Licensing Administration (EDLA)
The EDLA will review the completed Request Form and render a decision with respect to its approval/disapproval. Written notice of the EDLA’s final decision will be provided to the requestor. The EDLA is currently comprised of the following members (or their designees):
Atam P. Dhawan, Ph.D.
Senior Vice Provost for Research
Sandy Curko, Esq.
Vice President for Legal Affairs and General Counsel
Sanjiv M. Chokshi, Esq.
Associate General Counsel
Shawn A. Chester, Ph.D.
Associate Vice Provost for Research Collaboration and Partnerships
Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering
Eric D. Hetherington, Ph.D.
Associate Vice Provost, Sponsored Research Administration
Michael Van Ter Sluis
Assistant Vice President, Strategic Partnerships & Entrepreneurship, NJII
Ike Nwabufo, MBA, LLM
Director of Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Management
Representative
NJIT Finance Department